病人獲處方口服呋塞米 40 mg，給藥前護理師優先評估指標為何？
A client is prescribed furosemide 40 mg PO daily. Which assessment finding should the nurse prioritize before administration?
- ABlood glucose level血糖值
- BSkin turgor皮膚彈性
- CRespiratory rate呼吸速率
- DSerum potassium level✓ 正解血清鉀離子濃度
呋塞米（Furosemide）是一種環利尿劑（Loop diuretic），其作用機轉為抑制亨利氏環（Loop of Henle）對鈉、氯與鉀離子的再吸收。給藥前最重要的安全評估是電解質狀態，特別是鉀離子濃度。低血鉀（Hypokalemia）不僅會導致肌肉無力，更可能引發致命性的心律不整（如心室心搏過速）。若個案同時服用毛地黃（Digoxin），低血鉀會顯著增加毛地黃中毒的風險，因此給藥前務必確認鉀離子數值是否在正常範圍內。
Furosemide is a loop diuretic that acts by inhibiting reabsorption of sodium, chloride, and potassium in the loop of Henle. The most important safety assessment before administration is electrolyte status, particularly the serum potassium level. Hypokalemia causes not only muscle weakness but also potentially life-threatening arrhythmias (such as ventricular tachycardia). If the client is also taking digoxin, hypokalemia markedly increases the risk of digoxin toxicity; therefore the nurse must confirm that the potassium level is within the normal range before giving the medication.
美國臨床護理中，若鉀離子過低，護理師通常會主動聯絡醫師確認是否暫停給藥並補充鉀離子；在台灣，護理師亦會進行相同評估，但在處置上更依賴醫囑執行。