護理師教導病人自行注射胰島素，應包含哪些步驟？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client about self-administration of insulin. Which actions should be included? (Select all that apply.)
- ARotate injection sites to prevent lipodystrophy✓ 正解輪替注射部位以預防脂肪萎縮
- BWarm the insulin vial by rubbing between hands✓ 正解通過雙手摩擦溫暖胰島素瓶
- CCleanse the skin with alcohol and let it dry✓ 正解用酒精清潔皮膚並讓其乾燥
- DInject insulin while cold from the refrigerator從冰箱取出冷卻後注射胰島素
- EMassage the site vigorously after injection注射後用力按摩注射部位
胰島素（Insulin）自行注射的衛教應包含確保藥物正確性與降低注射不適。輪替部位可有效預防皮下脂肪增生（Lipodystrophy），確保藥物吸收穩定。冷藏的胰島素直接注射會引起疼痛，回溫後注射可減少不適。此外，注射前酒精消毒並待其完全揮發，可預防酒精進入皮下造成刺激疼痛。切記不可按摩注射部位，以免影響吸收速度，導致血糖波動。
Client teaching for insulin self-administration should ensure accurate dosing and minimize injection discomfort. Rotating sites effectively prevents lipodystrophy and helps maintain consistent absorption. Cold insulin injected straight from the refrigerator is painful, so warming it reduces discomfort. In addition, cleansing the skin with alcohol and allowing it to dry completely prevents the irritation and stinging that occur when wet alcohol is carried beneath the skin. The injection site should not be massaged, as this can alter absorption rate and cause unstable blood glucose.