一位患有心房顫動的病人正在服用華法林（Warfarin）。護理師應指導病人維持下列哪項物質的穩定攝取量？
A client with atrial fibrillation is receiving warfarin. The nurse should instruct the client to maintain a consistent intake of which of the following?
- ADark green leafy vegetables✓ 正解深綠色葉菜
- BDairy products乳製品
- CRed meats紅肉
- DCitrus fruits柑橘類水果
Warfarin（抗凝血劑）的作用機轉是拮抗維生素 K，進而抑制凝血因子的合成。深綠色葉菜類（如菠菜、羽衣甘藍、花椰菜）富含維生素 K，如果病人突然大量增加或減少這類蔬菜的攝取，會直接影響 Warfarin 的抗凝效果，導致 INR（國際標準化比值）劇烈波動。護理衛教的重點不是「完全不吃」，而是「攝取量要恆定（Consistent）」。如果病人維持每天吃一份綠色蔬菜，醫師會依此調整藥量；若突然大吃大喝或完全戒除，則會增加中風或出血的風險。C、B、D 選項對維生素 K 影響較小。這題測驗藥物與營養學的交互作用知識。
Warfarin acts as a vitamin K antagonist, so maintaining a consistent daily intake of vitamin K-rich foods, such as dark green leafy vegetables, is essential for stable anticoagulation. Significant fluctuations in vitamin K consumption can cause unpredictable changes in the International Normalized Ratio (INR), increasing the risk of thromboembolic events or bleeding. Clients should not avoid these foods entirely but rather keep their consumption steady.
美國飲食中常包含大量生菜沙拉（Salad），護理師需特別提醒病人注意 Kale 或 Spinach 的份量。台灣飲食中，中藥（如當歸、人參）和綠茶也是影響 Warfarin 的隱藏因子，護理師在衛教時需合併考慮在地化飲食與草藥習慣。