— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師給予病人華法林（Warfarin）。其解毒劑為何？
A nurse is administering a dose of warfarin to a client. What is the antidote?
- AProtamine sulfate硫酸魚精蛋白
- BN-acetylcysteine乙醯半胱氨酸
- CVitamin K✓ 正解維生素 K
- DFlumazenil氟馬西尼
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
華法林（Warfarin）是一種維生素 K 拮抗劑，透過抑制肝臟中依賴維生素 K 的凝血因子（II、VII、IX、X）合成來發揮抗凝血作用。當發生華法林過量引發的嚴重出血時，補充維生素 K（Phytonadione）可以作為拮抗劑，促使凝血因子重新合成，逆轉抗凝效果。護理師需注意，維生素 K 作用緩慢，緊急情況下可能需輸注冷凍新鮮血漿（FFP）。
Warfarin is a vitamin K antagonist that exerts its anticoagulant effect by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors (II, VII, IX, X) in the liver. In the event of serious bleeding from warfarin overdose, vitamin K (phytonadione) acts as the antidote, promoting re-synthesis of clotting factors and reversing anticoagulation. The nurse should note that vitamin K acts slowly, and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) may be required in emergencies.