一位疑似感染伊波拉病毒的病人入院。除了標準防護外,還需要哪種 PPE?
A client is admitted with possible Ebola virus. Which type of PPE is required beyond standard precautions?
- AN95 respirator, gown, and glovesN95呼吸器、隔離衣和手套
- BSurgical mask and gloves only僅外科口罩和手套
- CNo extra PPE is needed if staying 3 feet away若保持三英尺距離則無需額外個人防護裝備
- DDouble gloves, fluid-resistant gown, and full face shield✓ 正解雙層手套、防液體隔離衣和全面部面罩
伊波拉病毒 (Ebola Virus) 具有極高的傳染性與致死率,主要透過直接接觸病人的血液、體液或受污染的物體傳播。正確答案 D 反映了美國 CDC 對於伊波拉的高規格防護要求:雙層手套 (Double gloves) 以防破損、防液隔離衣 (Fluid-resistant gown) 防止滲透、以及全屏面罩 (Full face shield) 保護黏膜。臨床思路上,這屬於「加強型接觸防護」,防護等級遠高於一般標準,且穿脫 PPE 過程需有專人在旁監督以防污染。
Due to the high infectivity and lethality of the Ebola virus, transmission via direct contact with bodily fluids requires enhanced contact precautions beyond standard ones. This includes double gloves to prevent puncture, a fluid-resistant gown to block heavy contamination, and a full face shield to protect mucous membranes. Standard masks or limited distance are insufficient for protecting healthcare workers from this pathogen.
自 2014 年西非疫情後,美國 CDC 制定了極其詳盡的伊波拉 PPE 穿脫指引(包括電動送風過濾式呼吸器 PAPR 的使用)。台灣雖然也依據國際標準,但在 NCLEX 考試中,考生必須展現對「完全不露皮膚 (No skin exposed)」原則的理解。