— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
病患預計進行膽囊切除術，下列哪些術後護理措施有助於預防呼吸系統併發症？（選所有適合的）
A client is scheduled for a cholecystectomy. Which nursing interventions are appropriate post-operatively to prevent respiratory complications? (Select all that apply.)
- AEncourage use of an incentive spirometer every hour while awake✓ 正解鼓勵個案在清醒時每小時使用誘發性肺量計
- BAssist the client to ambulate as early as possible✓ 正解協助個案盡早下床活動
- CAdminister pain medication to facilitate deep breathing✓ 正解給予止痛藥物以促進深呼吸
- DMaintain the client in a supine position to prevent dizziness讓個案保持仰臥姿勢以預防暈眩
- EEncourage deep breathing and coughing exercises✓ 正解鼓勵進行深呼吸與咳嗽練習
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
膽囊切除術後，病人易因腹部切口疼痛而限制呼吸深度，導致肺部擴張不足，進而引發肺塌陷（Atelectasis）或肺炎。護理介入重點在於「增加肺活量」與「促進分泌物排出」。誘發性肺量計（Incentive Spirometer）能有效訓練肺部擴張；早期下床可促進循環與深呼吸；適當止痛則能讓病人有力氣執行咳嗽與深呼吸練習，這些皆為預防術後呼吸併發症的黃金標準。
Post-cholecystectomy respiratory complications like atelectasis are prevented by maximizing lung expansion and clearing secretions. Key interventions include using an incentive spirometer, early ambulation, adequate pain control to facilitate deep breathing, and performing coughing exercises.