— 照護管理 · HARD · MCQ —
一位腦部外傷昏迷的病人，當護理師為其爭取臨終願望時，應用了哪種倫理原則？
A nurse is caring for a client who has sustained a traumatic brain injury and is in a coma. Which of the following ethical principles is prioritized if the nurse advocates for the client's end-of-life wishes?
- ANon-maleficence不傷害原則（Non-maleficence）
- BAutonomy✓ 正解自主權（Autonomy）
- CBeneficence行善原則（Beneficence）
- DJustice正義原則（Justice）
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
即使病人現在昏迷，尊重病人先前所立的預立醫療決定（Advance Directive）仍是尊重其「自主權」（Autonomy）。這是倫理學中關於尊重個人意願的核心表現，即使個體目前無法發聲，其過去的意願仍具有法律與道德約束力。
Even though the patient is now comatose, honoring the patient's previously documented advance directives still represents respect for autonomy. This is the core ethical expression of respect for an individual's wishes: even when the individual currently cannot speak, their previously stated preferences retain both legal and moral force.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國預立醫療指示（Advance Directive）行之有年；台灣則在病人自主權利法通過後，相關流程逐漸完善。