一位 25 歲女性詢問護理師在備孕期間補充葉酸的好處。護理師的最佳回答是什麼？
A 25-year-old female client asks the nurse about the benefits of folic acid supplementation during the preconception period. What is the nurse's best response?
- AIt prevents gestational diabetes可預防妊娠糖尿病
- BIt reduces the risk of neural tube defects✓ 正解可降低神經管缺損的風險
- CIt prevents postpartum depression可預防產後憂鬱
- DIt increases the likelihood of twins可增加懷雙胞胎的機會
葉酸（Folic acid）對於胎兒神經管閉合（Neural tube closure）至關重要。懷孕前及初期補充葉酸，可顯著降低胎兒發生神經管缺損（如脊柱裂、無腦症）的機率。這是產前照護中最經典且具實證依據的營養介入。葉酸與妊娠糖尿病、多胞胎或產後憂鬱並無直接的預防關聯性，護理師應強調其在預防先天性畸形的重要性。
Folic acid is essential for neural tube closure in the fetus. Supplementing folic acid before and during early pregnancy significantly reduces the incidence of neural tube defects such as spina bifida and anencephaly. This is the most classic and evidence-based nutritional intervention in prenatal care. Folic acid is not directly related to the prevention of gestational diabetes, multiple gestation, or postpartum depression; the nurse should emphasize its central role in preventing congenital malformations.