— 健康促進與維護 · HARD · SATA —
護理師教導家長關於嬰兒猝死症候群 (SIDS) 的預防。下列哪些指示是適當的?(選所有適合的)
A nurse is teaching a parent about sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) prevention. Which instructions are appropriate? (Select all that apply.)
- APlace the infant on their back for sleep✓ 正解讓嬰兒採仰臥姿勢睡眠
- BUse a soft, plush mattress for comfort使用柔軟絨毛床墊以增加舒適度
- CKeep the crib free of pillows and blankets✓ 正解保持嬰兒床內無枕頭與棉被
- DAllow the infant to sleep in the parents' bed允許嬰兒與父母同床睡眠
- EMaintain a smoke-free environment✓ 正解維持無菸環境
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
預防嬰兒猝死症候群(SIDS)的黃金準則為「安全睡眠環境」。護理師應衛教家長遵循「背睡、獨睡、淨空」原則。嬰兒睡眠表面必須堅硬且平坦,周圍不得放置任何軟性物體或寢具,以防止睡眠中發生窒息或再呼吸(rebreathing)二氧化碳的情況。此外,維持無菸環境亦能顯著降低風險,因二手菸暴露會影響嬰兒呼吸中樞的發育與運作。
To prevent sudden infant death syndrome, infants should be placed on their backs for sleep on a firm, flat surface free of soft bedding like pillows and blankets. Additionally, maintaining a smoke-free environment is crucial, as secondhand smoke exposure increases the risk of SIDS by affecting respiratory development.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國兒科學會(AAP)推廣「Safe to Sleep」運動,強調「同室不同床」(room-sharing without bed-sharing),這與台灣部分傳統家庭習慣嬰兒與父母同床的模式有較大衝突,需特別加強衛教。