— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師評估個案習慣。針對 50 歲女性,依常規指南建議進行哪些篩檢?(選所有適合的)
A nurse is assessing a client's health habits. Which screening is recommended for a 50-year-old female according to standard guidelines? (Select all that apply.)
- AMammogram✓ 正解乳房攝影檢查
- BColorectal cancer screening✓ 正解大腸癌篩檢
- CBlood pressure monitoring✓ 正解血壓監測
- DProstate-specific antigen (PSA) test攝護腺特異抗原(PSA)檢測
- EBone density (DXA) scan✓ 正解骨密度(DXA)掃描
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
針對 50 歲女性的健康維護,重點在於慢性病篩檢與癌症預防。美國預防服務工作小組(USPSTF)建議此年齡層應定期進行乳房攝影與大腸癌篩檢。此外,心血管健康(血壓監測)與骨骼健康(DXA 掃描,特別是停經後女性)亦為常規評估項目。護理師應評估個案風險因子,制定個人化的篩檢計畫,以落實預防醫學的核心精神。
For a 50-year-old female, recommended screenings include mammograms for breast cancer, colorectal cancer screening, regular blood pressure monitoring, and bone density scans for osteoporosis. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing is not applicable as it is specific to male clients.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國對於 50 歲以上女性的乳房攝影頻率與大腸癌篩檢起點,依據各學會(如 ACS, USPSTF)指南有細微差異,但大原則一致。台灣健保提供 45-69 歲婦女每兩年一次免費乳房攝影,與美國建議接軌。