— 基本照護與舒適 · EASY · MCQ —
護理師準備餵食一位吞嚥困難的病人。下列哪項處置是適當的？
A nurse is preparing to feed a client with dysphagia. Which intervention is appropriate?
- APlace food on the unaffected side of the mouth✓ 正解將食物放在口腔未受損的一側
- BEncourage the client to drink through a straw鼓勵病人使用吸管飲水
- COffer thin liquids to keep the throat moist提供稀薄液體以保持喉嚨濕潤
- DPosition the client with the head tilted backward讓病人頭部向後傾斜
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
針對吞嚥困難（Dysphagia）病人，預防吸入性肺炎（Aspiration pneumonia）是護理優先事項。將食物放置在健側（Unaffected side）可確保病人能有效咀嚼並感知食物，避免食物滯留在患側導致嗆入。同時，應維持病人坐姿或高半坐臥位（High-Fowler's position），並避免過度仰頭。
For clients with dysphagia, preventing aspiration pneumonia is the nursing priority. Placing food on the unaffected side ensures that the client can effectively chew and perceive the food, avoiding pooling on the affected side that would lead to aspiration. In addition, the client should be maintained in a sitting or high Fowler's position, and excessive backward head tilt should be avoided.
✦ 台美臨床差異
在美國臨床，吞嚥困難病人的飲食調整需由語言治療師（SLP）進行吞嚥評估（Dysphagia evaluation）後，依醫囑給予特定質地食物（如 IDDSI 標準），護理師須嚴格執行。