護理師正在評估病人的疼痛。下列護理師的敘述何者顯示其對疼痛評估有正確的理解？
A nurse is assessing a client's pain. Which of the following statements by the nurse indicates an understanding of pain assessment?
- AIf the client can describe the pain, they do not need analgesics如果病人能描述疼痛，就不需要止痛藥
- BVital signs are the most reliable indicator of pain intensity生命徵象是疼痛程度最可靠的指標
- CClients who are sleeping are not experiencing pain正在睡覺的病人沒有經歷疼痛
- DPain is whatever the experiencing person says it is✓ 正解疼痛就是 experiencing person 所說的那樣
疼痛評估的核心觀念在於「疼痛是主觀的」。McCaffery 定義疼痛為「病人說有就是有」，這是 NCLEX 考試中關於疼痛處置的金科玉律。護理師必須屏除個人對病人外顯行為的預設偏見，因為許多病人即便在休息、入睡或進行日常活動時，仍可能因慢性疼痛而受苦。臨床上，生命徵象僅能作為輔助，不可作為疼痛程度的唯一衡量標準。
The cornerstone of pain assessment is that 'pain is subjective.' McCaffery defines pain as 'whatever the experiencing person says it is, occurring whenever the person says it does,' which is the gold standard for pain management on the NCLEX. The nurse must set aside personal assumptions about a client's outward behavior, because many clients continue to suffer from chronic pain even while resting, sleeping, or performing activities of daily living. Clinically, vital signs are only an adjunct and cannot be used as the sole measure of pain intensity.