— 基本照護與舒適 · HARD · SATA —
當評估病人的營養狀況時，哪些徵象應被護理師視為潛在營養不良的指標？（選所有適合的）
When assessing a client's nutritional status, which signs should the nurse identify as indicators of potential malnutrition? (Select all that apply.)
- ABrittle hair and spoon-shaped nails✓ 正解頭髮脆弱和匙狀甲
- BRecent unintentional weight loss of 10% in 3 months✓ 正解近三個月內無意的體重減輕 10%
- CGlossitis and stomatitis✓ 正解舌炎和口角炎
- DSerum albumin level of 4.5 g/dL血清白蛋白濃度 4.5 g/dL
- ESkin turgor that remains elevated for several seconds✓ 正解皮膚彈性回彈緩慢（持續數秒）
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
營養不良的臨床表現包含：蛋白質缺乏引起的髮質脆弱、匙狀甲；近期體重急劇下降（>10%）；維生素缺乏導致的舌炎與口角炎；以及皮下組織流失導致的皮膚彈性變差。白蛋白 4.5 g/dL 為正常範圍，不代表營養不良。
Brittle hair, spoon-shaped nails, significant unintentional weight loss, glossitis, and poor skin turgor are all clinical indicators of potential malnutrition. These signs reflect deficiencies in protein, iron, vitamins, and overall nutritional status. A serum albumin level of 4.5 g/dL is within the normal range and does not indicate malnutrition.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國醫院設有營養師（RD）駐院評估，台灣則是營養室會診，護理師需主動提出需求。