護理師照顧一位活動性結核病（TB）病人，應執行何種隔離措施？
A nurse is caring for a client with active tuberculosis (TB). Which type of isolation precaution should the nurse implement?
- AAirborne precautions✓ 正解空氣隔離措施
- BContact precautions接觸隔離措施
- CDroplet precautions飛沫隔離措施
- DStandard precautions標準防護措施
結核病（Tuberculosis, TB）的病原體（結核分枝桿菌）會透過飛沫核（Droplet nuclei）在空氣中懸浮，並可長時間停留於空氣中。因此，對於活動性肺結核病人，必須採取空氣隔離（Airborne precautions）。這包含病人入住負壓隔離病房，且醫療人員進入時必須佩戴 N95 等級以上的呼吸器（Respirator）以過濾微小飛沫核。
The causative organism of tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) is transmitted on droplet nuclei that remain suspended in the air for prolonged periods. Therefore, clients with active pulmonary TB must be placed on airborne precautions. This includes admission to a negative-pressure isolation room, and health care workers must wear an N95 or higher-grade respirator to filter out the small droplet nuclei when entering the room.
美國醫院對結核病人的負壓隔離與 N95 口罩規範極為嚴格，通常需經過FIT測試（Fit testing）確認口罩密合度。台灣臨床亦有類似規範，但美國更強調醫療人員在進入隔離病房前的 FIT 測試紀錄。