— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · SATA —
下列哪些措施適合嘗試戒菸的病人？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following interventions is appropriate for a client attempting to quit smoking? (Select all that apply.)
- AIdentify triggers that lead to the urge to smoke✓ 正解識別導致抽菸衝動的誘因
- BSet a specific quit date within the next two weeks✓ 正解在未來兩週內設定具體的戒菸日期
- CIncrease intake of caffeinated beverages to stay alert增加含咖啡因飲料的攝取以保持警覺
- DSuggest the use of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT)✓ 正解建議使用尼古丁替代療法（NRT）
- EEngage in physical exercise when cravings occur✓ 正解當產生渴望時從事體育運動
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
戒菸成功關鍵在於行為改變與生理替代。辨識誘發因子（Trigger）能幫助心理建設；設定明確時間表可增加決心；NRT 能減緩戒斷症狀；運動則是替代尼古丁帶來的多巴胺釋放。攝取咖啡因會增加焦慮感，反而不利維持戒菸決心。
Success in smoking cessation depends on behavior change and physiologic substitution. Identifying triggers helps the client prepare psychologically; setting a specific quit date strengthens commitment; nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) alleviates withdrawal symptoms; and exercise serves as a substitute for the dopamine release induced by nicotine. Caffeine intake increases anxiety and can actually undermine the determination to remain abstinent.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣有健保補助戒菸計畫，包含衛教與藥物輔助，結構較為完善，美國則多由保險或社區計畫支持。