— 健康促進與維護 · HARD · SATA —
下列哪些活動代表糖尿病病人的「三級預防」？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following activities represent tertiary prevention for a client with diabetes? (Select all that apply.)
- ARegular foot exams to prevent ulcers✓ 正解定期足部檢查以預防潰瘍
- BWeight loss program for obese individuals without diabetes為無糖尿病之肥胖者提供減重計畫
- CAnnual screening for retinopathy to prevent blindness✓ 正解年度視網膜病變篩檢以預防失明
- DDietary education to prevent diabetes onset飲食教育以預防糖尿病發病
- EManaging blood glucose to prevent nephropathy✓ 正解控制血糖以預防腎病變
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
疾病預防分為三級：一級預防（預防疾病發生，如健康飲食）、二級預防（早期篩檢與診斷，如血糖監測）、三級預防（已確診疾病，透過治療與復健防止併發症惡化）。對於糖尿病病人，足部檢查可預防潰瘍與截肢（併發症），視網膜檢查可預防失明，良好的血糖控制可預防腎病變（Nephropathy），這些皆屬於防止慢性病併發症惡化的三級預防。
Tertiary prevention focuses on managing established disease to prevent complications and disability, such as performing regular foot exams to prevent ulcers, screening for retinopathy to prevent blindness, and controlling blood glucose to prevent nephropathy. These interventions aim to minimize the impact of chronic conditions rather than preventing their onset.