— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師指導剛開始服用華法林（Warfarin）的病人，下列哪些內容應包含在衛教中？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is educating a client recently prescribed warfarin. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching plan? (Select all that apply.)
- AMaintain a consistent intake of vitamin K-rich foods✓ 正解維持維生素K豐富食物的攝取量一致
- BUse a soft-bristled toothbrush to prevent bleeding✓ 正解使用軟毛牙刷以預防出血
- CIncrease intake of cranberry juice to improve drug metabolism增加蔓越莓汁的攝取以改善藥物代謝
- DReport any dark, tarry stools immediately✓ 正解立即報告任何黑色柏油樣大便
- EAvoid using aspirin or NSAIDs without consulting the provider✓ 正解未經諮詢醫療提供者，避免使用阿斯匹靈或非類固醇消炎止痛藥
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
華法林為維生素 K 拮抗劑，飲食中綠色蔬菜需保持穩定，避免因攝取量劇烈波動影響凝血功能。因其抗凝血機制，病人容易出血，故需預防性避開硬毛牙刷與非處方藥（NSAIDs）。解黑便通常是消化道出血徵兆，必須立即就醫。
Warfarin is a vitamin K antagonist, and intake of green leafy vegetables in the diet should remain consistent to avoid sharp fluctuations that affect coagulation. Because of its anticoagulant mechanism, clients bleed easily, so they should preventively avoid hard-bristled toothbrushes and over-the-counter NSAIDs. Black, tarry stools usually signal gastrointestinal bleeding and require immediate medical attention.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣病人較常攝取中藥或補品，需加強提醒華法林與中草藥的交互作用，美國則更強調酒精與保健食品的風險。