護理師正給予萬古黴素（vancomycin）的靜脈輸注。病人出現臉部潮紅和搔癢。護理師應預期下列哪項醫囑？
A nurse is administering an IV infusion of vancomycin. The client develops flushing and itching. The nurse should anticipate which of the following orders?
- AIncrease the rate of the vancomycin infusion.增加萬古黴素輸注的速率。
- BAdminister an antihistamine, such as diphenhydramine.✓ 正解給予抗組織胺，例如苯海拉明。
- CAdminister a bolus of epinephrine.給予腎上腺素推注。
- DAdminister a broad-spectrum antibiotic.給予廣效性抗生素。
當病人在輸注萬古黴素時出現臉部潮紅與搔癢，這明顯是紅人症候群的表徵。機轉為輸注速率過快導致非免疫介導的組織胺釋放。處理原則為：首先減慢或暫停輸注，其次根據醫囑給予抗組織胺（如 diphenhydramine）以中和過多的組織胺，減輕搔癢與潮紅。這屬於典型的藥物副作用管理，護理師需預期並準備相應的藥物，而非因誤判為過敏性休克而給予過度強烈的治療。
When a client develops facial flushing and itching during vancomycin infusion, this is a clear presentation of Red Man Syndrome. The mechanism is non-immune-mediated histamine release caused by an infusion rate that is too rapid. The management principle is: first, slow or pause the infusion; then, per provider order, administer an antihistamine (such as diphenhydramine) to counteract the excess histamine and relieve itching and flushing. This is a typical adverse drug reaction to be managed; the nurse should anticipate the appropriate medication rather than misinterpret it as anaphylactic shock and initiate overly aggressive treatment.