— 心理社會完整性 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師為狂躁發作的病人設計照護計畫，應包含哪些活動？（選所有適合的）
The nurse is planning care for a client experiencing a manic episode. Which of the following activities should the nurse incorporate into the plan of care? (Select all that apply.)
- AProviding a high-calorie, finger food diet✓ 正解提供高熱量、手指食物飲食
- BEncouraging participation in competitive group games鼓勵參與競爭性團體遊戲
- CStructuring the environment to minimize external stimuli✓ 正解結構化環境以最小化外部刺激
- DScheduling frequent, short rest periods during the day✓ 正解白天安排頻繁、短暫的休息時間
- EAssigning the client to lead a large community therapy group指派病人擔任大型社區治療團體的領導者
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
狂躁病人通常精力過剩、注意力不集中且容易衝動。護理目標在於提供足夠營養（高熱量、方便攜帶的食物）、減少環境刺激以降低過度活躍，並強制安排休息以避免過勞。競爭性遊戲或領導團體活動會激發其亢奮情緒，應予以避免。
Clients in a manic episode often lack the energy to sit for meals, so providing high-calorie finger foods ensures adequate nutrition while minimizing distraction. The environment should be structured to reduce external stimuli, and frequent short rest periods should be scheduled to prevent exhaustion. Competitive activities or leadership roles should be avoided as they may increase agitation and psychomotor overactivity.
✦ 台美臨床差異
在台灣，急性精神病房常使用封閉式環境，護理師對狂躁病人的活動限制更為嚴格且具結構性。