— 心理社會完整性 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師照護一位出現譫妄徵兆的病人,應預期觀察到哪些臨床表現?(選所有適合的)
A nurse is caring for a client who is exhibiting signs of delirium. Which findings should the nurse anticipate? (Select all that apply.)
- ARapid fluctuation in level of consciousness✓ 正解意識水準的快速波動
- BDisorganized thinking and speech✓ 正解思維與言語混亂
- CStable orientation to person, place, and time對人、地、時的定向力穩定
- DAcute onset of symptoms✓ 正解症狀急性發作
- EVisual hallucinations✓ 正解視覺幻覺
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
譫妄(Delirium)的特徵為:急性發作(D)、意識程度快速波動(A)、思考與語言混亂(B)、常伴隨視幻覺(E)。相比之下,失智症通常是隱匿的且定向感喪失是持續的。選項C錯誤,定向感障礙是譫妄的核心症狀之一,特別是時間與地點感。
Delirium is characterized by acute onset, rapid fluctuations in consciousness, disorganized thinking, and visual hallucinations. Unlike dementia, where disorientation is persistent, delirium involves sudden cognitive changes often linked to an underlying medical condition.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國醫護團隊使用 CAM 量表評估譫妄;台灣臨床較依賴醫師臨床診斷與護理記錄中的行為觀察。