在照護留置導尿管的病人時，下列哪項護理措施最能有效預防醫療照護相關感染（HAI）？
Which of the following interventions by the nurse best prevents a health care-associated infection (HAI) in a client with a urinary catheter?
- AIrrigate the catheter with sterile saline daily每天用無菌生理食鹽水沖洗導尿管
- BDisconnect the drainage bag to measure output斷開引流袋以測量尿量
- CKeep the drainage bag below the level of the bladder✓ 正解保持引流袋低於膀胱水平
- DClean the perineal area with soap and water twice daily每天兩次用肥皂和水清潔會陰區域
留置導尿管相關尿路感染（CAUTI）的主要途徑是逆行性感染。維持密閉引流系統（closed drainage system）是預防 CAUTI 的關鍵。引流袋應始終維持在膀胱高度以下，利用重力排尿，防止尿液逆流（reflux）回膀胱，因為尿液是細菌良好的培養基。任何斷開管路的行為皆會破壞密閉系統，增加感染風險。
The main route of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is retrograde infection. Maintaining a closed drainage system is the key to preventing CAUTI. The drainage bag should always be kept below the level of the bladder so that gravity drainage prevents urine reflux back into the bladder, since urine is an excellent medium for bacterial growth. Any disconnection of the system breaks the closed circuit and increases the risk of infection.