一位低血鉀患者入院，護理師應預期心電圖（ECG）會出現何種變化？

低血鉀會影響心肌細胞的再極化過程，導致心電圖出現特有的 U 波，表現為 T 波之後的額外波形。Tall T waves 與 Wide QRS 常見於高血鉀（Hyperkalemia）。QT 間期縮短通常與高血鈣有關。識別電解質不平衡對心臟電氣活動的影響是護理照護的重要能力。

Hypokalemia affects the repolarization of cardiac myocytes, producing a characteristic U wave on the ECG, which appears as an additional wave following the T wave. Tall T waves and a widened QRS are commonly seen in hyperkalemia. A shortened QT interval is usually associated with hypercalcemia. Recognizing the effects of electrolyte imbalances on cardiac electrical activity is an essential nursing competency.

美國護理師常需具備心電圖判讀能力以進行初步評估；台灣護理師雖有判讀能力，但臨床多依賴心電圖儀自動判讀報告。