護理師正在為一群病人規劃照護計畫。下列哪項任務應分配給執業護理師（LPN）？
A nurse is planning care for a group of clients. Which task should be assigned to the Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN)?
- APerforming an admission assessment on a client with heart failure對有心衰竭的病人進行入院評估
- BDeveloping a teaching plan for a client with a new colostomy為有新造口術的病人制定衛教計畫
- CAdministering oral medications to a stable client with hypertension對血壓穩定的病人給予口服藥物正確答案
- DMonitoring a client receiving a blood transfusion for the first 15 minutes監測首次接受輸血的病人前 15 分鐘
- C對血壓穩定的病人給予口服藥物
在護理管理中，任務分配必須符合被授權者的職權範圍。LPN 的職責通常包括照護穩定、預測性高的病人，並執行如給藥（口服、皮下、肌肉注射）、更換換藥等技能性任務。選項 C 的穩定病人給藥完全符合 LPN 範疇。核心概念在於 RN 負責『評估（Assessment）、計畫（Planning）、教育（Teaching）及不穩定病人的評值（Evaluation）』，簡稱 EAT。選項 A 的入院評估（Assessment）需要高度判斷，必須由 RN 執行。選項 B 的教學計畫制定（Planning/Teaching）是 RN 的職責，LPN 僅能協助加強已建立的衛教。選項 D 的輸血監測屬高風險行為，特別是最初 15 分鐘的不良反應觀察，NCLEX 標準要求必須由 RN 親自完成以確保病人安全。臨床判斷的分配應基於病人穩定度與任務複雜度，這是確保單位運行效率與病人安全的關鍵策略。
- A對有心衰竭的病人進行入院評估
入院評估涉及初步的資料收集與健康狀況判斷，需要專業的臨床評價能力，這是 RN 的核心職責，不可授權。
- B為有新造口術的病人制定衛教計畫
制定護理計畫與初步的衛教發展需要根據評估結果進行分析，這屬於 RN 的範疇；LPN 僅能執行已制定的衛教內容。
- C · 正確答案對血壓穩定的病人給予口服藥物
LPN 具備為穩定病人提供基礎照護的能力，包括執行醫囑給予口服藥物，這屬於其標準職務範圍內的可預測任務。
- D監測首次接受輸血的病人前 15 分鐘
輸血屬於高風險醫療處置，最初的 15 分鐘是發生急性過敏或溶血反應的高峰期，必須由 RN 親自監測以即時介入。
在美國，LPN（或 LVN）的定位明確，能執行口服給藥、傷口護理等，且在許多州可進行靜脈注射（需認證）。台灣的護理實務中，雖然也有護士與護理師之分，但目前臨床上大多已整合為護理師（RN），且 LPN 考照制度已停止，臨床任務分配較少以此級別區分，多以資歷（如 N0-N4）來決定照護難度。
English explanation
In nursing management, the assignment of tasks must conform to the delegate's scope of practice. The LPN's duties typically include the care of stable, predictable clients and the performance of skill-based tasks such as administering medication (oral, subcutaneous, intramuscular) and changing dressings. Option C — administering medication to a stable client — falls clearly within the LPN's scope. The core concept is that the RN is responsible for "Evaluation, Assessment, Teaching, and Planning" (mnemonic: EAT) and for the evaluation of unstable clients. Option A, the admission assessment, requires advanced judgment and must be performed by the RN. Option B, the development of a teaching plan (Planning/Teaching), is the RN's responsibility; the LPN may only reinforce previously established teaching. Option D, monitoring a blood transfusion, is a high-risk action, particularly during the first 15 minutes when adverse reactions are observed; NCLEX standards require that this be performed by the RN to ensure client safety. Delegation of clinical judgment should be based on client stability and task complexity — a key strategy for ensuring unit efficiency and client safety.
最近修訂：2026-10-06