護理師評估一位周邊動脈疾病（PAD）病人。哪些發現是預期之中的？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is assessing a client with peripheral artery disease (PAD). Which findings are expected? (Select all that apply.)
- AIntermittent claudication✓ 正解間歇性跛行
- BThin, shiny, hairless skin✓ 正解皮膚變薄、光亮且無毛
- CEdema of the feet足部水腫
- DDecreased pedal pulses✓ 正解足部脈搏減弱
- ECold, pale feet when elevated✓ 正解抬高時雙腳冰冷且蒼白
周邊動脈疾病（Peripheral Artery Disease, PAD）是指供應四肢（尤其是下肢）的動脈發生狹窄或阻塞，導致組織灌流不足。這通常是由於動脈粥狀硬化（atherosclerosis）引起。 核心概念：PAD 的病理生理學是動脈血流受阻，導致患肢缺血。當活動增加時，肌肉對氧氣需求增加，但受損的動脈無法提供足夠的血液，因而產生症狀。 臨床思路：評估 PAD 時，需從病人的主訴症狀、患肢的血循狀況以及皮膚改變等多方面進行。這些徵象都反映了動脈供血不足的結果。
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) refers to narrowing or obstruction of the arteries supplying the extremities (especially the lower limbs), leading to inadequate tissue perfusion. This is typically caused by atherosclerosis. Core concept: The pathophysiology of PAD is obstruction of arterial blood flow, leading to ischemia in the affected limb. When activity increases, the muscles require more oxygen, but the damaged arteries cannot supply enough blood, producing symptoms. Clinical reasoning: When assessing PAD, the nurse must consider the client's reported symptoms, the perfusion status of the affected limb, and skin changes. These findings all reflect the consequences of inadequate arterial blood supply.