— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
病人因嚴重的葡萄球菌感染接受靜脈輸注萬古黴素（Vancomycin）。護理師應監測哪些徵象以發現紅人症候群（Red Man Syndrome）？(Select all that apply.)
A client is prescribed intravenous vancomycin for a severe Staphylococcal infection. Which signs should the nurse monitor to identify Red Man Syndrome? (Select all that apply.)
- AHypotension✓ 正解低血壓
- BFlushing of the face, neck, and upper torso✓ 正解臉部、頸部和上軀幹潮紅
- CPruritus✓ 正解搔癢
- DRespiratory distress呼吸困難
- EGeneralized rash with wheezing伴有哮鳴音的全身性皮疹
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
紅人症候群是由於萬古黴素輸注過快導致組織胺大量釋放。臨床表現包括臉部、頸部及上半身潮紅、搔癢、以及低血壓。此現象非過敏反應，通常透過減慢輸注速度或給予抗組織胺改善；D 與 E 屬於過敏性休克徵象，非紅人症候群。
Red Man Syndrome occurs with rapid vancomycin infusion due to non-immune histamine release. Clinical features include flushing of the face, neck, and upper torso, pruritus, and hypotension. Management is to slow or pause the infusion and consider an antihistamine. Respiratory distress and generalized rash with wheezing indicate true anaphylaxis, which is a different reaction.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台臨床皆會先將輸注速度調慢後再評估，必要時給予抗組織胺並持續監測。