護理師為一群中年成人進行營養衛教。下列哪項飲食改變對降低 LDL 膽固醇最有效？
A nurse is teaching a group of middle-aged adults about nutrition. Which dietary change is most effective in lowering LDL cholesterol?
- AEliminating all fat from the diet從飲食中完全排除脂肪
- BReplacing saturated fats with polyunsaturated fats✓ 正解以多元不飽和脂肪取代飽和脂肪
- CIncreasing intake of red meat增加紅肉攝取
- DIncreasing saturated fat intake增加飽和脂肪攝取
降低 LDL 膽固醇的關鍵在於改變飲食結構。飽和脂肪會增加肝臟合成 LDL，而多元不飽和脂肪（如 Omega-3 脂肪酸）能促進 LDL 的代謝並改善血脂分佈。因此，以多元不飽和脂肪取代飽和脂肪是臨床上最有效且符合營養學指引的飲食策略。完全禁油會導致必需脂肪酸缺乏，而紅肉通常富含飽和脂肪，應減少而非增加。
The key to lowering LDL cholesterol is to modify dietary composition. Saturated fats increase hepatic synthesis of LDL, whereas polyunsaturated fats (such as omega-3 fatty acids) promote LDL metabolism and improve the lipid profile. Therefore, replacing saturated fats with polyunsaturated fats is the most effective dietary strategy and is consistent with nutritional guidelines. Eliminating all fat causes deficiencies of essential fatty acids, and red meat, typically rich in saturated fat, should be reduced rather than increased.