一位 45 歲病人詢問如何預防大腸癌。護理師在衛教中應包含哪項篩檢建議？
A 45-year-old client asks the nurse about preventing colorectal cancer. Which screening recommendation should the nurse include in the teaching?
- ADigital rectal exam annually每年進行數位直腸檢查
- BFecal immunochemical test every 5 years每五年進行一次糞便免疫化學檢測
- CBarium enema every 3 years每三年進行鋇劑灌腸檢查
- DColonoscopy every 10 years starting at age 45✓ 正解自 45 歲起每十年進行一次大腸鏡檢查
根據美國癌症協會（ACS）及美國預防服務工作組（USPSTF）的最新指南，一般風險族群的大腸癌篩檢起始年齡已下修至 45 歲。大腸鏡（Colonoscopy）被視為篩檢的黃金標準，因為它不僅能偵測病灶，還能在檢查過程中直接切除癌前病變息肉（Polypectomy）。若檢查結果正常，通常建議每 10 年追蹤一次。
According to the most recent guidelines from the American Cancer Society (ACS) and the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), the recommended starting age for colorectal cancer screening in average-risk individuals has been lowered to 45 years. Colonoscopy is considered the gold standard for screening because it not only detects lesions but also allows direct removal of precancerous polyps (polypectomy) during the procedure. If the results are normal, follow-up colonoscopy is generally recommended every 10 years.
台灣的國健署目前針對 50-74 歲民眾提供每兩年一次的糞便潛血檢查。赴美執業時，必須熟悉美國臨床指引（ACS/USPSTF）的年齡調整（45歲）。