— 健康促進與維護 · EASY · MCQ —
護理師向社區民眾進行皮膚癌初級預防衛教，下列何者建議最合適？
A nurse is teaching a community group about primary prevention of skin cancer. Which recommendation is most appropriate?
- AUndergo annual skin examinations by a dermatologist每年接受皮膚科醫師的皮膚檢查
- BAvoid direct sun exposure between 10 AM and 4 PM✓ 正解避免在上午 10 點至下午 4 點之間直接曝曬陽光
- CUse tanning beds for controlled UV exposure during winter在冬季使用美黑床進行受控的紫外線曝曬
- DApply broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 15 or higher daily每天塗抹 SPF 15 或更高的廣譜防曬乳
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
初級預防旨在預防疾病發生。紫外線強度最高時段為上午 10 點至下午 4 點，避免暴露是降低致癌風險最有效的方法。選項 D SPF 30 以上才較足夠；選項 A 為次級預防（篩檢）；選項 C 絕對禁止，曬床致癌風險極高。
Primary prevention aims to prevent disease before it occurs, and avoiding direct sun exposure during peak UV hours (10 AM to 4 PM) is highly effective. While sunscreen is important, SPF 30 or higher is generally recommended for adequate protection. Annual skin exams are a form of secondary prevention, and tanning beds should be strictly avoided due to increased cancer risk.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國皮膚科醫學會強調防曬的重要性較普及；台灣民眾對美白防曬需求高，但對紫外線分級與預防觀念仍有加強空間。