— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師指導病人進行皮下胰島素自我注射。下列哪些操作是正確的？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client about the self-administration of subcutaneous insulin. Which actions are correct? (Select all that apply.)
- ARotate injection sites to prevent lipodystrophy✓ 正解輪替注射部位以預防脂肪營養不良
- BAspirate before injecting the medication注射藥物前進行抽回血
- CClean the site with alcohol and allow it to dry completely✓ 正解以酒精清潔注射部位並讓其完全乾燥
- DInject at a 90-degree angle if adequate subcutaneous tissue is present✓ 正解若有足夠的皮下組織，以 90 度角注射
- EMassage the injection site vigorously after administration注射後用力按摩注射部位
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
皮下胰島素自我注射的核心安全步驟：A. 輪替注射部位可預防脂肪營養不良（lipohypertrophy），維持胰島素吸收一致性；C. 酒精消毒後待其完全乾燥，可避免酒精隨針頭帶入皮下產生刺痛感；D. 若皮下脂肪足夠，標準注射角度為 90 度，能確保藥物注入皮下層而非肌肉層。錯誤選項：B. 現代實證指引指出皮下胰島素注射不需抽回血（aspiration），此動作會延長注射時間並增加組織傷害；E. 注射後不可大力按摩部位，因會加速胰島素吸收，導致血糖快速下降甚至低血糖。
Correct actions include rotating injection sites to prevent lipohypertrophy, allowing alcohol to dry completely to avoid stinging, and injecting at a 90-degree angle when sufficient subcutaneous tissue is present. Aspiration is unnecessary for subcutaneous insulin, and vigorous massage should be avoided as it accelerates absorption and increases the risk of hypoglycemia.