— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師指導病人關於 Warfarin 的服用注意事項，應包含哪些？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client about Warfarin therapy. Which instructions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
- AMaintain a consistent intake of vitamin K-rich foods✓ 正解維持維生素 K 豐富食物的穩定攝取
- BUse a soft-bristled toothbrush✓ 正解使用軟毛牙刷
- CReport any unusual bleeding or bruising✓ 正解報告任何異常出血或瘀青
- DIncrease intake of cranberry juice增加蔓越莓汁的攝取
- EAvoid using aspirin or NSAIDs without consulting the provider✓ 正解未經諮詢醫師避免使用阿斯匹靈或非類固醇抗發炎藥物
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
Warfarin 會抑制維生素 K 依賴性凝血因子，飲食中維生素 K 的攝取量必須固定，不可忽高忽低。抗凝血藥物會增加出血風險，故建議使用軟毛刷、注意出血徵象。 cranberry juice 會與某些代謝酶互動，非必要建議避免。NSAID 與 Aspirin 具備抗血小板功能，會加重出血。
Warfarin inhibits vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. Vitamin K intake must remain consistent—not avoided, not increased—to keep INR stable. Anticoagulation increases bleeding risk, so a soft-bristled toothbrush is recommended and any unusual bleeding should be reported. Cranberry juice may interact with warfarin metabolism. NSAIDs and aspirin have antiplatelet effects and amplify bleeding risk.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣病人對於中藥或補品常未主動告知，護理師需特別詢問是否服用深綠色蔬菜以外的草藥補品。