— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
病人因金黃色葡萄球菌感染使用萬古黴素，護理師應監測哪些徵象以辨識「紅人症候群」？（選所有適合的）
A client is prescribed vancomycin for a severe Staphylococcal infection. Which signs should the nurse monitor to identify 'Red Man Syndrome'? (Select all that apply.)
- AHypotension✓ 正解低血壓
- BFlushing of the face and neck✓ 正解臉部與頸部潮紅
- CPruritus✓ 正解搔癢
- DTachypnea呼吸急促
- EMuscle spasms肌肉痙攣
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
萬古黴素輸注過快導致組胺釋放，會產生類過敏反應即紅人症候群。典型臨床表現為上半身（臉、頸、胸）潮紅、搔癢，若嚴重會導致血壓下降。D（呼吸急促）並非典型紅人症候群表現，E（肌肉痙攣）與此藥無關，需與過敏性休克進行臨床鑑別診斷。
Rapid infusion of vancomycin causes histamine release, producing a pseudo-allergic reaction known as Red Man Syndrome. Typical findings include flushing of the upper body (face, neck, chest), pruritus, and—in severe cases—hypotension. Tachypnea is not a hallmark sign, and muscle spasms are unrelated to vancomycin; differentiate clinically from anaphylaxis.
✦ 台美臨床差異
兩地均依循輸注時間指引，美國常由藥師核准延長給藥時間，台灣護理師發現紅潮時常依據 protocol 暫停並通知醫師。