護理師準備進行肌肉注射。為預防針紮受傷，護理師應採取哪項安全措施？
The nurse is preparing to administer an intramuscular injection. Which safety action should the nurse take to prevent a needlestick injury?
- ARecap the needle using a two-handed technique使用雙手技術重新套上針頭護套
- BWait to dispose of the needle until back at the nurse's station回到護理站再處置針頭
- CActivate the safety device immediately after use✓ 正解使用後立即啟動安全裝置
- DDispose of the needle in a nearby trash can將針頭丟入附近的垃圾桶
預防針紮的核心原則是『立即防護』與『禁止回套』。根據 OSHA（職業安全與健康管理局）標準，使用具備安全裝置的注射器後，應在拔針後立即啟動防護罩或安全回縮裝置。為什麼 C 正確？因為它能最快將裸露的尖端遮蓋，大幅降低意外觸碰的風險。A（雙手回套）是導致針紮的最常見原因，絕對禁止；B（丟垃圾桶）會危及清潔人員，必須丟入專用的銳利物收集箱；D（帶回護理站）增加了運送過程中的曝險時間。安全意識必須貫穿整個給藥流程。
The core principles of needlestick prevention are immediate protection and no recapping. According to OSHA standards, after using a safety-engineered syringe, the safety shield or retraction mechanism should be activated immediately upon withdrawal of the needle. Option C is correct because it most quickly covers the exposed tip and greatly reduces the risk of accidental contact. A (two-handed recapping) is the most common cause of needlesticks and is absolutely prohibited; B (discarding into a regular trash can) endangers cleaning staff and must instead go into a designated sharps container; D (taking the needle back to the nurses' station) increases exposure time during transport. Safety awareness must run through the entire medication administration process.
美國法律強制要求使用具備安全裝置的針具（Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act）；台灣雖然也普遍推廣安全針具，但在某些基層醫療單位或成本考量下，傳統針具仍在使用，需更強調單手回蓋技巧。