護理師正在教導病人有關過量飲酒的風險。下列何種健康問題與長期大量飲酒直接相關？
A nurse is educating a client about the risks of excessive alcohol consumption. Which health problem is directly linked to chronic heavy drinking?
- AType 1 diabetes第一型糖尿病
- BLiver cirrhosis✓ 正解肝硬化
- CGlaucoma青光眼
- DAsthma氣喘
長期過量飲酒（chronic heavy drinking）會對肝臟細胞造成直接損傷，導致發炎、脂肪變性，最終進展為肝硬化（liver cirrhosis）。肝硬化是肝臟功能嚴重受損的病理狀態，且不可逆。其他選項如糖尿病、哮喘或青光眼，與過量飲酒的關聯不如肝硬化直接且強烈。護理師應針對飲酒習慣進行評估，並教育病人相關的健康風險。
Chronic heavy drinking causes direct damage to hepatocytes, leading to inflammation and steatosis and ultimately progressing to liver cirrhosis. Cirrhosis is a severely and irreversibly impaired pathologic state of the liver. Other options such as diabetes, asthma, or glaucoma are not as directly or strongly associated with excessive alcohol use as cirrhosis. The nurse should assess drinking habits and educate the patient about the related health risks.