護理師準備為一名嬰兒進行肌肉注射。下列哪一個部位最適合選擇？
The nurse is preparing to administer an intramuscular injection to an infant. Which site is most appropriate for the nurse to select?
- AVentrogluteal muscle腹臀肌
- BDorsogluteal muscle背臀肌
- CDeltoid muscle三角肌
- DVastus lateralis muscle✓ 正解股外側肌
對於嬰兒（12個月以下）甚至剛學走路的小孩，大腿外側肌（Vastus lateralis）是肌肉注射的首選部位。核心原因在於這個年齡層的嬰兒，其臀大肌和臀中肌（Dorsogluteal/Ventrogluteal）發育尚未成熟，因為他們還不會長時間行走，肌肉量不足。此外，臀部注射存在傷及坐骨神經的風險。三角肌（Deltoid）在嬰兒身上也太小，無法容納足夠的藥液。大腿外側肌是嬰兒體內發育最完善、肌肉量最大的部位，且避開了主要神經和血管。護理師在執行兒科藥物給予時，必須根據解剖發育階段選擇最安全的注射部位。這題考查基礎藥物行政管理與發展評估的結合。
For infants (under 12 months) and even early toddlers, the vastus lateralis is the preferred site for intramuscular injection. The core reason is that at this age the gluteus maximus and medius (dorsogluteal/ventrogluteal) are not yet fully developed because the child has not engaged in prolonged walking and muscle mass is insufficient. Furthermore, gluteal injection carries a risk of injuring the sciatic nerve. The deltoid is also too small in an infant to accept an adequate volume of medication. The vastus lateralis is the most fully developed and largest muscle in an infant and avoids major nerves and vessels. When administering medications to pediatric clients, the nurse must select the safest injection site according to anatomic developmental stage. This item integrates fundamentals of medication administration with developmental assessment.
美國護理教育極度強調「Evidence-based injection sites」，對於嬰兒必選 Vastus lateralis 是鐵律。台灣臨床上，部分基層診所或老一輩觀念可能仍習慣打臀部，但標準護理評鑑與教科書已與國際接軌，統一要求使用大腿外側。