針對一位診斷為重度憂鬱症且伴隨精神運動遲滯的病人，哪些護理措施是適當的？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following interventions are appropriate for a client diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder who is experiencing psychomotor retardation? (Select all that apply.)
- AProvide a structured schedule of daily activities✓ 正解提供結構化的每日活動行程
- BAllow the client to sleep whenever they feel the need允許病人按需睡眠
- CBreak tasks into small, manageable segments✓ 正解將任務分解為小而可管理的部分
- DOffer positive reinforcement for small successes✓ 正解對微小的成功給予正向增強
- EEncourage independent decision-making for all daily choices鼓勵對所有日常選擇進行獨立決策
重度憂鬱症病人因缺乏動機與精神運動遲滯，需透過結構化環境減少混亂。將任務拆解能增加成就感；正向強化可提升自我效能。B 選項不可過度睡眠，以免混亂生理時鐘；E 選項不宜，病人此時決策能力極差，過多選擇反而導致焦慮，應由護理師協助引導。
Clients with major depressive disorder lack motivation and exhibit psychomotor retardation, so a structured environment is needed to reduce disorganization. Breaking tasks into smaller segments fosters a sense of accomplishment; positive reinforcement enhances self-efficacy. Option B is incorrect because excessive sleep disrupts circadian rhythm; option E is also inappropriate because the client's decision-making capacity is poor and offering too many choices instead generates anxiety, so the nurse should guide and assist.
兩地心理護理核心一致。美國護理師在推動個案管理時，更強調護理師引導活動的自主性；台灣則常與家屬深度介入協助處理生活瑣事。