— 心理社會完整性 · EASY · MCQ —
一位患有阿茲海默症初期的老年病人出現輕微混亂。下列哪項策略對於促進定向感最有效？
An elderly client in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease is experiencing mild confusion. Which nursing strategy is most effective in promoting orientation?
- ARestrict visitors to keep the environment quiet限制探視以保持環境安靜
- BProvide a structured routine and frequent cues✓ 正解提供結構化的日常作息並給予頻繁提示
- CEncourage the client to take naps during the day鼓勵病人在白天小睡
- DExplain the reality of the situation every time the client is confused每次病人出現混亂時都向其說明現實狀況
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
阿茲海默症病人對於結構化的環境較有安全感。提供固定的作息與明確的定向線索（如時鐘、日曆）能減少混亂。反覆糾正病人現實感（D）常會引起挫折與反抗，應以陪伴與引導為主；限制訪客（A）可能剝奪其社會支持系統。
Clients with Alzheimer's disease feel more secure in a structured environment. Providing a fixed routine and explicit orientation cues (such as clocks and calendars) reduces confusion. Repeatedly correcting the client's perception of reality (D) often produces frustration and resistance; companionship and gentle guidance are preferred. Restricting visitors (A) may deprive the client of social support.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國強調以病人為中心的照護（Person-Centered Care）；台灣醫院與長照機構亦逐漸轉向此模式，但受限於評鑑要求，結構化程度通常更高。