— 安全與感染控制 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師照顧傷口感染病人，欲預防傳播。標準預防措施（Standard Precautions）的核心要素有哪些？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with a wound infection and wants to prevent transmission. What are the key elements of standard precautions? (Select all that apply.)
- AHand hygiene before and after contact with the client✓ 正解在接觸病人前後執行手部衛生
- BWearing gloves when contact with blood or body fluids is anticipated✓ 正解在預期會接觸血液或體液時戴手套
- CUsing a gown and mask for every patient interaction與每位病人互動時都穿著隔離衣和戴口罩
- DProper handling of sharps to prevent needle-stick injuries✓ 正解妥善處理銳利物以防止針刺傷
- ECleaning of environmental surfaces contaminated by the patient✓ 正解清潔被病人污染的環境表面
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
標準預防措施適用於所有病人。關鍵包括：手部衛生（A）、防護裝備（手套、隔離衣）於必要時（B）、銳利物管理（D）、環境清潔（E）。C 錯誤：並非每一次互動都需要穿隔離衣與戴口罩，除非接觸到會噴濺的體液或飛沫。
Standard precautions require hand hygiene before and after client contact, wearing gloves when anticipating exposure to blood or body fluids, proper handling of sharps to prevent injuries, and cleaning contaminated environmental surfaces. Personal protective equipment such as gowns and masks is used only when there is a risk of splashes or sprays, not for every interaction.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美對標準預防措施的定義完全相同，皆基於病人體液具潛在感染性的假設。