護理師照顧一位患有傳染性疾病的病人。護理師應採取哪些感染控制措施？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with a contagious disease. Which infection control measures should the nurse implement? (Select all that apply.)
- AWear a N95 respirator if the disease is transmitted by airborne particles✓ 正解若疾病經空氣微粒傳播，應佩戴 N95 口罩
- BPlace the client in a private room with negative pressure airflow✓ 正解將病人安置於具有負壓氣流的私人病房
- CWear a surgical mask when entering the room for contact precautions實施接觸隔離時進入病房應佩戴外科口罩
- DPerform hand hygiene before and after patient contact✓ 正解在接觸病人前後執行手部衛生
- ELimit the number of visitors to prevent potential spread✓ 正解限制探視人數以防止潛在傳播
針對空氣傳播（Airborne precautions）的疾病，護理師必須嚴格遵守：使用 N95 口罩、負壓隔離室（A, B）。手部衛生（D）是所有感染控制的基石，不論何種防護層級都必須落實。限制訪客（E）能有效減少病原體擴散與交互感染的風險。C 選項錯誤：接觸性防護（Contact precautions）重點在於穿著防護衣（Gown）與手套（Gloves），而非外科口罩。透過分層的防護措施，能保護病人、工作人員與其他病患的安全，這是醫療機構管理中的核心任務，必須根據傳染途徑（空氣、飛沫、接觸）進行精準且即時的隔離決策。
For diseases transmitted by the airborne route, the nurse must strictly adhere to: using an N95 respirator and a negative-pressure isolation room (A, B). Hand hygiene (D) is the foundation of all infection control and must be performed regardless of the protective level. Limiting visitors (E) effectively reduces the risk of pathogen spread and cross-contamination. Option C is incorrect: contact precautions focus on wearing a gown and gloves rather than a surgical mask. Through layered protective measures, patients, staff, and other clients are kept safe, which is a central task in health care institutions and requires precise, timely isolation decisions based on the mode of transmission (airborne, droplet, or contact).
美國醫院有嚴格的 Infection Control 專員監測 compliance；台灣醫院在疫情期間落實極佳，但日常中對於訪客限制的落實度與管控強度通常較為寬鬆。