病人正在接受全靜脈營養（TPN）。下列哪項發現需要立即的護理介入？
A client is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Which finding requires immediate nursing intervention?
- AThe TPN bag is empty and no new bag is available✓ 正解TPN 袋已空且無新袋可用
- BClient reports feeling hungry病人表示感到飢餓
- CBlood glucose level of 190 mg/dL血糖值為 190 mg/dL
- DSite of insertion shows slight erythema穿刺部位呈現輕微發紅
TPN 溶液含高濃度葡萄糖，若中斷供應且無新溶液銜接，易引發嚴重低血糖。此時必須立即掛上一袋 10% 葡萄糖溶液（D10W）以預防低血糖休克。血糖 190 mg/dL 雖高但屬預期內的代謝反應，需持續監測而非立即危急；飢餓感是正常現象；發紅需追蹤但不及中斷營養嚴重。
TPN solutions contain a high concentration of dextrose; if administration is interrupted without a replacement solution available, severe hypoglycemia may result. A 10% dextrose in water solution (D10W) must be initiated immediately to prevent hypoglycemic shock. A blood glucose of 190 mg/dL is elevated but represents an expected metabolic response requiring continued monitoring rather than immediate emergency action; hunger is a normal sensation; mild erythema requires follow-up but is less urgent than interrupting the nutrition source.
美台臨床皆視 TPN 中斷為高風險事件，必須嚴格執行備用 D10W 輸注方案以維持血糖穩定。