— 基本照護與舒適 · HARD · SATA —
護理師指導病人使用非藥物方式緩解疼痛。哪些描述顯示病人了解教學內容？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client about pain management using non-pharmacological methods. Which statements indicate the client understands the teaching? (Select all that apply.)
- AI will listen to music to help distract me from the pain✓ 正解我會聽音樂來分散對疼痛的注意力
- BI will use guided imagery when the pain starts to get worse✓ 正解當疼痛開始加劇時，我會使用引導式想像
- CI will use heat therapy on my acute inflammatory joint pain我會對急性發炎關節疼痛進行熱敷
- DI will practice deep breathing techniques to relax my muscles✓ 正解我會練習深呼吸技巧來放鬆肌肉
- EI will apply cold packs for 30-60 minutes at a time我會每次將冰敷包敷 30-60 分鐘
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
非藥物緩解疼痛包括認知行為與物理治療。聽音樂（分心）、引導式意象、深呼吸皆有助於減輕痛感。熱敷不適用於急性發炎（會加重腫脹）。冰敷建議時間為 15-20 分鐘，過久會導致皮膚凍傷或血管反彈性擴張，故選項 E 錯誤。
Non-pharmacologic pain relief includes cognitive-behavioral and physical therapy techniques. Listening to music (distraction), guided imagery, and deep breathing all help reduce pain perception. Heat application is contraindicated in acute inflammation because it worsens swelling. Cold application is recommended for 15-20 minutes; prolonged use can cause skin frostbite or reflex vasodilation, making option E incorrect.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國護理師常整合芳療、音樂治療等輔助醫療，台灣則多專注於藥物治療與簡單物理治療。