護理師準備對留置鼻胃管的病人給藥。哪些護理行動是正確的？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to administer medications to a client with a nasogastric (NG) tube. Which nursing actions are appropriate? (Select all that apply.)
- AVerify tube placement by checking gastric pH✓ 正解透過檢查胃液 pH 值來確認管路位置
- BCrush all medications and mix them together in a single syringe將所有藥物搗碎並混合在同一支注射器中
- CFlush the tube before and after medication administration✓ 正解給藥前後沖洗管路
- DElevate the head of the bed to at least 30 degrees✓ 正解將床頭抬高至少 30 度
- EAdminister enteric-coated tablets after crushing them搗碎後給予腸溶錠
鼻胃管給藥需確保安全與效力。首先確認管路位置（胃酸 pH 值檢測），給藥前中後應以溫水沖管避免阻塞，並維持頭高位 30-45 度預防吸入性肺炎。藥物應個別給予，不可混合，以免發生交互作用。腸溶錠（Enteric-coated）不可壓碎，因為這會破壞長效釋放或保護胃黏膜的塗層。
NG-tube medication administration requires: confirming tube placement (gastric pH ≤5 is supportive; radiographic confirmation is gold standard); flushing the tube with water before and after each medication and between drugs to prevent occlusion; and elevating the head of bed to at least 30° (preferably 30-45°) to prevent aspiration. Mixing all crushed medications in one syringe risks chemical/physical incompatibility and tube clogging. Enteric-coated and sustained-release tablets must NEVER be crushed because crushing destroys the protective coating, altering absorption and possibly damaging mucosa.
台美皆強調不應壓碎腸溶錠，但台灣臨床常因管路阻塞問題，較重視與藥師確認藥物劑型是否可磨碎。