— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · SATA —
護理師準備對低血鉀病人進行氯化鉀（KCl）靜脈輸注。下列哪些行動是正確的？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to administer potassium chloride (KCl) IV infusion to a patient with hypokalemia. Which actions are appropriate? (Select all that apply.)
- AVerify the concentration does not exceed 10 mEq/100 mL for peripheral lines✓ 正解確認周邊靜脈導管的濃度不超過 10 mEq/100 mL
- BUse an electronic infusion pump for precise delivery✓ 正解使用電子輸注幫浦以精確給藥
- CAdminister the potassium as an IV bolus push以靜脈推注方式給予鉀離子
- DAssess the IV site frequently for signs of infiltration✓ 正解經常評估靜脈注射部位是否有滲漏跡象
- EMonitor cardiac rhythm continuously during infusion✓ 正解輸注期間持續監測心律
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
鉀離子靜脈輸注風險極高。KCl 具有極強的組織刺激性，絕對禁止直接靜脈推注（IV push），否則會導致心跳停止。應使用幫浦精確控速，周邊靜脈濃度不宜過高。此外，由於鉀離子會影響心肌傳導，輸注期間需密切監控 ECG，並嚴防藥物外滲導致組織壞死。
Intravenous potassium chloride requires strict safety measures, including the use of an electronic infusion pump to control the rate and continuous cardiac monitoring to detect dysrhythmias. Nurses must also assess the IV site frequently for infiltration, as extravasation can cause severe tissue necrosis, and ensure the concentration is appropriate for peripheral lines.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美對於 KCl 給藥的高警訊藥物（High-Alert Medication）管理標準一致，均要求嚴格的核對與給藥程序。