— 安全與感染控制 · EASY · MCQ —
病歷中下列何種發現顯示該病人有較高的跌倒風險？
Which of the following findings in a client's chart indicates an increased risk for falls?
- APresence of a visual aid like eyeglasses存在視覺輔助工具如眼鏡
- BAge of 45 years45 歲
- CBlood pressure reading of 120/80 mmHg血壓讀數為 120/80 mmHg
- DCurrent prescription for a benzodiazepine✓ 正解目前處方苯二氮平類藥物
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
苯二氮平類藥物（Benzodiazepines）具有中樞神經抑制作用，容易引起嗜睡、頭暈、步態不穩與反射遲鈍，是導致住院病人跌倒的常見藥物因素。評估跌倒風險時，藥物清單是關鍵的檢查指標，護理師應特別留意這類藥物的使用。
Benzodiazepines (e.g., lorazepam, diazepam) cause CNS depression—sedation, dizziness, ataxia, delayed reflexes—and are well documented as a leading medication-related fall risk, particularly in older adults. A normal BP, age 45, and corrective eyewear (which actually reduces fall risk by improving vision) are not independent fall risk factors.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美皆強烈重視藥物引起的跌倒風險，但在台灣，護理師更常使用標準化量表（如 Morse Fall Scale）輔助判定。