— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師討論戒菸。哪些策略有效？（選所有適合的）
A 40-year-old nurse is discussing smoking cessation. Which strategies are effective? (Select all that apply.)
- ANicotine replacement therapy (NRT)✓ 正解尼古丁替代療法 (NRT)
- BCounseling and behavioral support✓ 正解諮商與行為支持
- CSetting a 'quit date'✓ 正解設定「戒菸日」
- DAvoiding all social situations during the first month在第一個月內避免所有社交場合
- EPrescription medications like varenicline✓ 正解處方藥物如伐尼克蘭 (varenicline)
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
戒菸是一個複雜的行為改變過程，成功的策略通常結合藥物治療（Pharmacotherapy）與行為支持（Behavioral support）。美國臨床指引強調，護理師應評估個體的準備度，透過設定「戒菸日」（Quit date）來強化承諾，並利用尼古丁替代療法（NRT）或處方藥物（如 Varenicline）緩解戒斷症狀，同時提供心理諮商以應對心理依賴。
Effective smoking cessation combines pharmacotherapy and behavioral support: nicotine replacement therapy, counseling/behavioral strategies, setting a definite quit date, and FDA-approved prescription medications such as varenicline or bupropion. Complete social isolation is unsustainable and unnecessary; teaching coping skills and refusal strategies in social settings is preferable.