護理師輔導一位想戒菸的病人，下列哪些策略有效？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is counseling a client who wants to quit smoking. Which strategies are effective for smoking cessation? (Select all that apply.)
- AIdentify and avoid smoking triggers✓ 正解識別並避免吸菸誘因
- BUtilize nicotine replacement therapy (NRT)✓ 正解使用尼古丁替代療法（NRT）
- CSet a specific quit date within two weeks✓ 正解在兩週內設定具體的戒菸日期
- DDecrease nicotine intake gradually by switching to light cigarettes透過改用淡味香菸逐漸減少尼古丁攝取量
- EEngage in regular physical activity✓ 正解規律從事體育活動
戒菸成功關鍵在於行為改變與生理替代。避開誘因、運用 NRT 緩解戒斷症狀、設定目標日及運動皆能提升成功率。更換淡菸（D）被證實是無效的，因為吸菸者會透過增加吸入深度或頻率來補償尼古丁攝取，無法有效減輕危害。
The keys to successful smoking cessation are behavioral change and physiological substitution. Avoiding triggers, using nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) to relieve withdrawal symptoms, setting a target quit date, and physical activity all increase the likelihood of success. Switching to 'light' cigarettes (D) has been shown to be ineffective, because smokers compensate by inhaling more deeply or more frequently to maintain nicotine intake, and the practice does not meaningfully reduce harm.
美國保險常給付戒菸諮詢與藥物；台灣透過健保戒菸門診進行，由醫師開立輔助藥物，護理師衛教為輔。