一位病人正在接受萬古黴素（Vancomycin）靜脈輸注，護理師觀察到臉部、頸部和胸部潮紅。護理師應優先採取哪項措施？
A client is receiving an IV infusion of vancomycin. The nurse observes flushing of the face, neck, and chest. Which action should the nurse take first?
- ANotify the healthcare provider通知醫療提供者
- BAdminister an antihistamine給予抗組織胺
- CStop the infusion immediately立即停止輸注
- DSlow the rate of the infusion✓ 正解減慢輸注速率
此為典型的紅人症候群（Red Man Syndrome），是因為萬古黴素輸注速度過快導致組織胺釋放，並非免疫過敏反應。處理原則是減緩輸注速率，通常潮紅現象會隨之緩解。若減速後症狀持續或出現過敏性休克（低血壓、喘鳴），才考慮停止輸注及給予抗組織胺。
This presentation is classic for Red Man Syndrome, which results from too-rapid vancomycin infusion causing histamine release rather than a true immune-mediated allergic reaction. The principle of management is to slow the infusion rate, after which the flushing usually subsides. Only if symptoms persist after rate reduction or anaphylactic shock develops (with hypotension or wheezing) should the infusion be stopped and antihistamines administered.
美台臨床皆視此為常見藥物副作用，但護理師應熟悉單位 Protocol 關於輸注速度調整的授權範圍。