Nurslix
— 生理適應 · MCQ —

一位有心臟衰竭病史的病人正在接受每小時 150 mL 的生理食鹽水靜脈輸注。病人突然出現呼吸短促、肺部囉音,以及咳出粉紅色泡沫痰。護理師應首先採取哪項措施?

A nurse is caring for a client with a history of heart failure who is receiving an IV infusion of normal saline at 150 mL/hr. The client suddenly develops shortness of breath, crackles in the lungs, and a cough with frothy, pink-tinged sputum. Which action should the nurse take first?

  • ANotify the healthcare provider of the change in status通知醫療提供者病人狀況改變
  • BPlace the client in a high-Fowler's position讓病人採取高坐臥位正確答案
  • CAdminister the prescribed PRN diuretic給予處方之備用利尿劑
  • DSlow the IV infusion rate to a keep-vein-open (KVO) rate將靜脈輸注速率減慢至維持靜脈通暢(KVO)速率
— Answer · 正確答案 —
  • B讓病人採取高坐臥位
— Why · 為什麼是這個答案 —

病人出現了急性肺水腫(Acute Pulmonary Edema)的典型徵象:呼吸困難、囉音及粉紅色泡沫痰,這通常是液體過負荷(Fluid Overload)引起的。根據 NCLEX 的優先順序原則,當病人出現急性呼吸窘迫時,首要動作是透過姿勢調整(Positioning)來緩解症狀。將病人置於高坐臥位(High-Fowler's)可以利用重力讓液體沉積在肺底,減少回心血量(前負荷),並增加肺部擴張空間,這是最快速、不需醫囑且能立即改善氧合的介入措施。雖然減慢點滴速度(D)也很重要,但它不能立即緩解已經存在的肺部積水。給予利尿劑(C)和通知醫師(A)是後續必要的醫療處置。此題體現了「ABC」原則中的 Breathing,即透過姿勢優化來穩定呼吸狀態。

— Options · 其他選項為什麼不對 —
  • A通知醫療提供者病人狀況改變

    通知醫師是必要的臨床通報流程,但在 NCLEX 邏輯中,護理師應先採取能救命或緩解痛苦的自主護理措施後再回報。

  • B · 正確答案讓病人採取高坐臥位

    這是首選處置。高坐臥位能讓橫膈膜下降、增加肺活量,並減少回心血量,是緩解急性肺水腫最即時的護理介入。

  • C給予處方之備用利尿劑

    利尿劑是治療肺水腫的核心藥物,但備藥與發揮藥效需要時間,在緊急情況下應先執行能立即生效的物理性介入。

  • D將靜脈輸注速率減慢至維持靜脈通暢(KVO)速率

    減慢點滴速度是防止情況惡化的必要步驟,但相對於調整姿勢,它無法立即改善病人當下的呼吸窘迫與氧合狀況。

✦ 台美臨床差異

在美國護理實務中,遇到這種情況護理師會立即將病人坐起並給氧,然後才通報;台灣臨床情境下,護理師往往會同時呼叫同事通知醫師並準備藥物,但 NCLEX 考試要求選出單一「最優先」的物理性護理動作。

English explanation

The client is exhibiting classic signs of acute pulmonary edema: dyspnea, crackles, and pink, frothy sputum—usually caused by fluid overload. According to NCLEX priority-setting principles, when a client is in acute respiratory distress, the first action is to relieve symptoms through positioning. Placing the client in High-Fowler's position uses gravity to allow fluid to settle in the lung bases, decreases venous return (preload), and increases space for lung expansion; this is the fastest intervention, requires no order, and immediately improves oxygenation. Slowing the IV infusion (D) is also important but does not immediately relieve existing pulmonary congestion. Administering a diuretic (C) and notifying the provider (A) are necessary subsequent medical actions. This question reflects the "B" (Breathing) in the ABC principle—stabilizing respiratory status through optimal positioning.

最近修訂:2026-10-06

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