護理師在社區進行衛教，說明預防第二型糖尿病的初級預防策略。護理師應鼓勵下列哪項行為？
A nurse is teaching a community group about primary prevention strategies to reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Which behavior should the nurse encourage?
- AStarting a low-dose aspirin regimen to improve insulin sensitivity開始服用低劑量阿斯匹靈以改善胰島素敏感性
- BPerforming blood glucose monitoring every morning before breakfast每天早餐前監測血糖
- CTaking a daily multivitamin to prevent metabolic syndrome每日服用綜合維生素以預防代謝症候群
- DEngaging in at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week✓ 正解每週進行至少 150 分鐘的中強度有氧運動
初級預防（Primary Prevention）的核心目標是在疾病發生前採取行動，以消除病因或增強個體的抵抗力。對於第二型糖尿病，生活型態調整是預防的核心。規律的中強度有氧運動能增加肌肉對胰島素的敏感度，改善葡萄糖代謝，並協助體重管理。其他選項中，監測血糖屬於次級預防（篩檢），而藥物與營養補充並非針對一般大眾的常規初級預防策略。
The core goal of primary prevention is to take action before disease occurs to eliminate the cause or strengthen the individual's resistance. For type 2 diabetes, lifestyle modification is central to prevention. Regular moderate-intensity aerobic exercise improves muscle insulin sensitivity, enhances glucose metabolism, and assists with weight management. Among the other options, blood-glucose monitoring is secondary prevention (screening), and medications or nutritional supplements are not routine primary-prevention strategies for the general population.
美國非常強調以「生活型態醫學（Lifestyle Medicine）」作為慢性病預防的第一線指導，護理師在衛教時會直接引用 ADA 的運動標準，與台灣臨床衛教強調飲食控制的比例相似，但對運動強度的量化要求更為具體。