下列哪些被視為醫療照護中的「從不發生事件（Never Events）」？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following are considered 'Never Events' in healthcare? (Select all that apply.)
- ASurgery on the wrong body part✓ 正解在錯誤的身體部位進行手術
- BPatient death related to a medication error✓ 正解與藥物錯誤相關的病人死亡
- CForeign object left in a patient after surgery✓ 正解手術後在病人体内發現異物
- DDevelopment of Stage 3 or 4 pressure ulcers in the hospital✓ 正解在醫院內發生第三或第四期壓瘡
- EA patient having an expected progression of their illness病人疾病出現預期的進展
「從不發生事件」（Never Events）是由國家品質論壇（NQF）定義的嚴重、可預防且對病人造成重大傷害的醫療錯誤。這些事件反映了系統安全防護的徹底失敗。A、B、C、D 均屬於此類明確定義的事件，醫療機構通常無法向保險公司請領相關照護費用，且必須進行根本原因分析（RCA）。E 選項為病程惡化，屬於醫療過程中的風險而非人為疏失。
Never Events are serious, preventable medical errors causing significant harm to patients, as defined by the National Quality Forum (NQF). These events represent a complete breakdown of system safety safeguards. Options A, B, C, and D all fit this clearly defined category; healthcare facilities are typically unable to bill insurers for related care, and a root cause analysis (RCA) must be performed. Option E describes progression of disease -- a risk inherent in medical care, not a human error.
美國醫界對 Never Events 有明確的懲罰性不給付機制（No-pay policy），台灣目前多透過醫療糾紛調解與評鑑指標管理，但在法律與行政懲處的結構上有顯著差異。