一位病人安排接受含碘造影劑的電腦斷層(CT)掃描。哪種藥物在程序結束後必須停用 48 小時?
A client is scheduled for a CT scan with intravenous contrast. Which medication must be withheld for 48 hours after the procedure?
- AMetformin✓ 正解Metformin(二甲雙胍)
- BLisinoprilLisinopril(賴諾普利)
- CAtorvastatinAtorvastatin(阿托伐他汀)
- DFurosemideFurosemide(呋塞米)
含碘造影劑具有暫時損害腎功能的風險。如果病人在腎功能受損的情況下繼續服用 Metformin,會導致該藥物在體內積聚,進而誘發致命的乳酸中毒。標準護理流程是在使用造影劑當天停用 Metformin,並在程序結束後持續停藥 48 小時,直到確認腎功能(肌酸酐值)恢復正常後再恢復用藥。這是一個關乎病人生命安全的標準操作程序。Furosemide(利尿劑)雖然可能影響血壓,但與造影劑無直接毒性交互作用;降血脂藥(C)與 ACEI(B)亦不需依照此 48 小時規則停藥。
Iodinated contrast media carries a risk of transient renal impairment. If the client continues taking metformin while renal function is compromised, the drug can accumulate in the body and trigger life-threatening lactic acidosis. The standard nursing protocol is to withhold metformin on the day of contrast administration and to continue holding it for 48 hours after the procedure, until renal function (creatinine) is confirmed to have returned to baseline. This is a critical patient-safety standard. Furosemide (a diuretic) may affect blood pressure but has no direct toxic interaction with contrast media; lipid-lowering agents (C) and ACE inhibitors (B) do not require the same 48-hour hold rule.
在美國,這被列為「Medication Safety」的核心考點,護理師在檢查前 Check-list 必須確認此項。台灣臨床流程中,放射科通常會給予衛教單張提醒,但護理師在病房給藥時的最後把關功能至關重要。